Zero footprint application virtualization

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for delivering an interactively updated application to a browser without requiring end users to install software locally are provided. Browser capabilities are detected. Bi-directional communication is established between a browser and server based on the capabilities. Representations of images are streamed to the browser. Human input device events associated with the representations are received. The representations are interactively updated.

BACKGROUND

Several methods for virtualizing desktop sessions or applicationsthrough Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) channels have beendeveloped. These methods allow users to connect to a remote server via auser device and run a desktop session or application on that server asif it were running locally on the device. For example, Citrix, VMware,and others build such virtualization platforms the Remote DesktopProtocol (RDP). Unfortunately, these methods require users desiring torun the virtual desktop sessions or applications to install and manageadditional software or codecs. Not only does this present potentialsecurity issues for various users, particularly corporate users, but italso dramatically increases the total cost of ownership becauselicensing fees must be paid to the technology suppliers.

In a health care setting, clinicians often do not have the access toinformation technology (IT) personnel to assist with installing andmanaging a virtualization platform on the clinician's device.Furthermore, such use of a personal device may violate security policyfor a particular health care facility, especially for nonemployees (e.g.a physician with privileges at a hospital). Consequently, unless theclinician is able to convince the health care facility to install andmanage the required applications and open the necessary holes in thefirewall to allow access for the clinician's device, the clinician isunable to access a particular application for that facility.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

Utilizing the methods and systems described herein, computerizedsystems, methods, computer storage media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon for performing the disclosed methods, anduser interfaces for delivering an application through a browser withoutrequiring end users to install software locally, are provided. In oneaspect, the present invention provides one or more computer storagemedia storing computer-useable instructions that, when executed by oneor more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices toperform a method for interactively updating a representation of animage. The method comprises detecting browser capabilities of a browser.Bi-directional communication is established between the browser and aserver based on the capabilities. A representation of an image isstreamed to the browser. A human input device (HID) event associatedwith the representation is received. The representation is interactivelyupdated.

In another aspect, the present invention provides one or more computerstorage media storing computer-useable instructions that, when executedby one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computingdevices to perform a method for delivering an application to a browser.Communication is established between a browser and a server. Encodedtiles representing an application are streamed from the server to thebrowser. The tiles are rendered without requiring installation of anyadditional software or codecs.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a computer system,comprising a processor coupled to a computer storage medium, thecomputer storage medium having stored thereon a plurality of computersoftware components executable by the processor, for delivering aninteractively updated application to a browser without requiring endusers to install software locally. Capability component detects browsercapabilities for a browser. Communication component establishesbi-directional communication between the browser and a server based onthe capabilities. Stream component streams a representation of an imageto the browser. Tile component divides the representation into tiles.Event component receives a HID event associated with a tile. Updatecomponent interactively updates the tile.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to theattached drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary computing environment suitablefor use in implementing embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary system architecture suitable for use inimplementing embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for interactivelyupdating a representation of an image in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for delivering anapplication to a browser in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject matter of the present invention is described withspecificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, thedescription itself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent.Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed subject mattermight also be embodied in other ways, to include different steps orcombinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, inconjunction with other present or future technologies. Moreover,although the terms “step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connotedifferent elements of methods employed, the terms should not beinterpreted as implying any particular order among or between varioussteps herein disclosed unless and except when the order of individualsteps is explicitly described.

Embodiments of the present invention provide computerized methods andsystems for delivering an application through a browser withoutrequiring end users to install software locally. Utilizing the methodsand systems described herein, a clinician is able to login to a healthcare system and view an interactive and dynamically updatedrepresentation of the application in a web standard image format. Theconversion of the application into an image allows the application to bedelivered to a browser without the requiring the clinician to installthe application itself or any support software or plug-ins. Inembodiments, the image is divided into tiles allowing the web service tointerpret interactions with the image which, in turn, allows the imageto be dynamically updated.

Having briefly described embodiments of the present invention, anexemplary operating environment suitable for use in implementingembodiments of the present invention is described below.

Referring to the drawings in general, and initially to FIG. 1 inparticular, an exemplary computing system environment, a medicalinformation computing system environment, with which embodiments of thepresent invention may be implemented is illustrated and designatedgenerally as reference numeral 20. It will be understood and appreciatedby those of ordinary skill in the art that the illustrated medicalinformation computing system environment 100 is merely an example of onesuitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest anylimitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention.Neither should the medical information computing system environment 100be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to anysingle component or combination of components illustrated therein.

The present invention may be operational with numerous other generalpurpose or special purpose computing system environments orconfigurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments,and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the presentinvention include, by way of example only, personal computers, servercomputers, handheld or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems,microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumerelectronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers,distributed computing environments that include any of theabove-mentioned systems or devices, and the like.

The present invention may be described in the general context ofcomputer-executable instructions, such as program modules, beingexecuted by a computer. Generally, program modules include, but are notlimited to, routines, programs, objects, components, and data structuresthat perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract datatypes. The present invention may also be practiced in distributedcomputing environments where tasks are performed by remote processingdevices that are linked through a communications network. In adistributed computing environment, program modules may be located inassociation with local and/or remote computer storage media including,by way of example only, memory storage devices.

With continued reference to FIG. 1, the exemplary medical informationcomputing system environment 100 includes a general purpose computingdevice in the form of a control server 102. Components of the controlserver 102 may include, without limitation, a processing unit, internalsystem memory, and a suitable system bus for coupling various systemcomponents, including database cluster 104, with the control server 102.The system bus may be any of several types of bus structures, includinga memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus,using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and notlimitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture(ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA)bus, Video Electronic Standards Association (VESA) local bus, andPeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, also known as Mezzaninebus.

The control server 102 typically includes therein, or has access to, avariety of computer-readable media, for instance, database cluster 104.Computer-readable media can be any available media that may be accessedby server 102, and includes volatile and nonvolatile media, as well asremovable and non-removable media. By way of example, and notlimitation, computer-readable media may include computer storage media.Computer storage media may include, without limitation, volatile andnonvolatile media, as well as removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. In this regard, computer storage media may include, but isnot limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVDs) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, orother magnetic storage device, or any other medium which can be used tostore the desired information and which may be accessed by the controlserver 102. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediaincludes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection,and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wirelessmedia. Combinations of any of the above also may be included within thescope of computer-readable media.

The computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 1,including database cluster 104, provide storage of computer-readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for thecontrol server 102.

The control server 102 may operate in a computer network 106 usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers 108. Remotecomputers 108 may be located at a variety of locations in a medical orresearch environment, for example, but not limited to, clinicallaboratories (e.g., molecular diagnostic laboratories), hospitals andother inpatient settings, veterinary environments, ambulatory settings,medical billing and financial offices, hospital administration settings,home health care environments, and clinicians' offices. Clinicians mayinclude, but are not limited to, a treating physician or physicians,specialists such as intensivists, surgeons, radiologists, cardiologists,and oncologists, emergency medical technicians, physicians' assistants,nurse practitioners, nurses, nurses' aides, pharmacists, dieticians,microbiologists, laboratory experts, laboratory technologists, geneticcounselors, researchers, veterinarians, students, and the like. Theremote computers 108 may also be physically located in non-traditionalmedical care environments so that the entire health care community maybe capable of integration on the network. The remote computers 108 maybe personal computers, servers, routers, network PCs, peer devices,other common network nodes, or the like, and may include some or all ofthe elements described above in relation to the control server 102. Thedevices can be personal digital assistants or other like devices.

Exemplary computer networks 106 may include, without limitation, localarea networks (LANs) and/or wide area networks (WANs). Such networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computernetworks, intranets, and the Internet. When utilized in a WAN networkingenvironment, the control server 102 may include a modem or other meansfor establishing communications over the WAN, such as the Internet. In anetworked environment, program modules or portions thereof may be storedin association with the control server 102, the database cluster 104, orany of the remote computers 108. For example, and not by way oflimitation, various application programs may reside on the memoryassociated with any one or more of the remote computers 108. It will beappreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the networkconnections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing acommunications link between the computers (e.g., control server 102 andremote computers 108) may be utilized.

In operation, a clinician may enter commands and information into thecontrol server 102 or convey the commands and information to the controlserver 102 via one or more of the remote computers 108 through inputdevices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device (commonly referred to asa mouse), a trackball, or a touch pad. Other input devices may include,without limitation, microphones, satellite dishes, scanners, or thelike. Commands and information may also be sent directly from a remotehealthcare device to the control server 102. In addition to a monitor,the control server 102 and/or remote computers 108 may include otherperipheral output devices, such as speakers and a printer.

Although many other internal components of the control server 102 andthe remote computers 108 are not shown, those of ordinary skill in theart will appreciate that such components and their interconnection arewell known. Accordingly, additional details concerning the internalconstruction of the control server 102 and the remote computers 108 arenot further disclosed herein.

Although methods and systems of embodiments of the present invention aredescribed as being implemented in a WINDOWS operating system, operatingin conjunction with an Internet-based system, one of ordinary skill inthe art will recognize that the described methods and systems can beimplemented in any system supporting the generation and management ofpersonalized plans of health, and/or components associated therewith. Ascontemplated by the language above, the methods and systems ofembodiments of the present invention may also be implemented on astand-alone desktop, personal computer, or any other computing deviceused in a healthcare environment or any of a number of other locations.

As previously mentioned, embodiments of the present invention relate tomethods, systems, and computer-readable media for use in, e.g., ahealthcare environment, delivering an application through a browserwithout requiring end users to install software locally. For simplicity,the particular user will often be referred to herein as a user, a careprovider, or a clinician. However, it will be understood that theparticular user may be any healthcare professional, physician, or otherprovider, as described above.

With reference to FIG. 2, an exemplary system suitable for use inimplementing embodiments of the present invention is shown anddesignated generally as reference numeral 200. It will be appreciatedthat the computing system architecture shown in FIG. 2 is merely anexample of one suitable computing system and is not intended as havingany dependency or requirement related to any single module/component orcombination of modules/components.

The system 200 includes a user device in communication via network 210with zero footprint web service 240. Zero footprint web service 240 maybe in communication with a health care information system, one or moredatabases (i.e., such as a database containing health care images andthe like). It should be appreciated that user device 210 can be anydevice capable of running any type of web browser 212 or any applicationcapable of rendering web pages. It should also be appreciated thatalthough only a single user device 210 is depicted, many user devicesmay be in communication via network 220 to zero footprint web service240.

Zero footprint web service 240 may be integrated or associated with ahealthcare information system. Zero footprint web service 240 may beintegrated or associated with a particular application. Zero footprintweb service 240 may be integrated or associated with particular itemsassociated with a health care information system or application (e.g.,images or videos). Zero footprint web service 240 may reside on one ormore computing devices, such as, for example, the server 102 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1. By way of example, the server 102includes a computer processor and may be a server, personal computer,desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld device, mobile device,consumer electronic device, or the like.

In various embodiments, zero footprint web service 240 is comprised ofvarious components, including capability component 242, communicationcomponent 244, stream component 246, tile component 248, event component250, update component 252, and determination component 254.

Capability component 242 detects browser capabilities of a browser. Inone embodiment, compatibility component 242 attempts to establish aWebsocket connection. If the Websocket instantiation fails, in oneembodiment, compatibility component 242 attempts to establish aFlashsocket connection if the browser has an available Flash plug-in. Ifthe Flashsocket instantiation fails, in one embodiment, compatibilitycomponent 242 establishes a Comet connection. The Websockets and Flashimplementations reduce overhead of HTTP communication and allow for abetter real-time web application experience. However, Websockets is notsupported by all browsers and Flash is not available on all devices.Further, even when Websockets are supported by a browser, the servermust also support the Websocket Protocol. In these instances, the Cometimplementation is utilized as a fallback.

Once the browser capability is detected by compatibility component 242,communication component 244 establishes communication between thebrowser and a server based on the capabilities. In one embodiment, aremote desktop session (RDS) broker is created that resides on theserver. The RDS broker acts as the RDS client to an RDS session for aparticular application and marshals the output of the RDS session to thebrowser. In one embodiment, HTML5 is not utilized or required by thebrowser. In one embodiment, the representation of the image is not drawnon an HTML5 canvas. Rather, representations of the desktop are marshaledto the browser as it is redrawn.

In one embodiment, the RDS broker marshals the output of an applicationrunning on the RDS session to the browser. In one embodiment, the RDSbroker marshals the output of multiple applications running on the RDSsession to the browser. In one embodiment, the RDS broker marshals theoutput of the entire RDS session to the browser. In embodiments, the RDSsession comprises a session manager, a stream component 246, and anevent component 250. The session manager creates and manages RDSsessions. The session manager also maintains a graphic representation ofwhat would be shown in a browser on a display device for the particularapplication.

Stream component 246 streams a representation of an image or video, orthe graphic representation of the particular application, to thebrowser. The representation renders what is represented by the sessionmanager at the point in time a request was made to render theapplication. In other words, the image or particular application itselfis not transferred. Rather, a representation of the image or particularapplication is rendered within the browser.

Tile component 248 divides the representation into tiles. The tilesrepresent sections or portions of the representation and can beconfigured in any size or shape depending on the image or application.In one embodiment, tile component 248 divides the representation into agrid comprising tiles and a display bar. The display bar may beassociated with user selectable icons that can be used to manipulate therepresentation or particular application.

Event component 250 receives a human input device (HID) event associatedwith a tile. The HID event can be associated with a touch, a gesture, akeypad or keyboard, a mouse, voice recognition, or any other type ofevent capable of conveying an input to a device. Update component 252interactively updates the tile. This allows zero footprint web service240 to only redraw the parts of the screen (i.e., tiles of therepresentation of the image) that need to be redrawn. In this sense,zero footprint web service 240 focuses on what the user is interactingwith and updates that portion first.

In one embodiment, update component 252 increases the quality of thetile the user is interacting with before increasing the quality of othertiles. In another embodiment, update component 252 updates the tile theuser is interacting with before updating the other tiles. In oneembodiment, update component 252 updates the tiles associated with thegrid but does not update the tiles associated with the display bar. Thisallows the resources associated with the zero footprint web service 240to be more efficiently utilized by only updating the portion of therepresentation (i.e., the image) to the desired resolution or quality inaccordance with the browser capabilities, bandwidth, device type, andthe like.

In one embodiment, update component 252 updates the tiles to apredetermined quality when an idle state is detected. This allows therepresentation to be displayed in a maximum or predetermined quality inaccordance with the browser capabilities, bandwidth, device type, andthe like, while not interfering with updates when the user isinteracting with a particular tile. For example, a clinician may beanalyzing and interacting with a particular tile associated with therepresentation. Rather than wasting the resources associated with thezero footprint web service 240, update component 252 does not update allthe tiles of the representation and instead focuses on the tilesassociated with the interaction.

In one embodiment, determination component 254 determines the tile thatis associated with the HID event. This allows the zero footprint webservice 240, and more particularly, the update component 252 to updatethe representation according to the tile the user is interacting withand maintain the efficiency of resources as discussed above.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 forinteractively updating a representation of an image in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention is shown. At step 310, browsercapabilities of a browser are detected. In various embodiments, thebrowser capabilities include Websockets, Flashsockets, Comet, andiFrame.

In one embodiment, bandwidth is detected. In one embodiment, a devicetype is detected. Each of the browser capabilities, bandwidth, devicetype, and the like can influence how the representation is updated. Forexample, in one embodiment, a lossless Portable Network Graphics (PNG)image is requested when highest quality has been reached if thebandwidth is high enough and the device type supports it. In anotherembodiment, the representation of the image is a Joint PhotographicExperts Group (JPEG) image.

Bi-directional communication is established at step 320, between thebrowser and a server based on the capabilities. In one embodiment,communication is first attempted via Websockets. In another embodiment,communication is attempted via Flashsockets. In yet another embodiment,communication is attempted via Comet. In one embodiment, Websocketscommunication is attempted first and, if that fails, Flashsocketscommunication is attempted and, if that fails, Comet communication isattempted.

At step 330, a representation of an image is streamed to the browser.The image may be an image associated with an image or video or an imageassociated with a particular application. However, rather than streamingthe actual image, only a representation of the image is streamed to thebrowser. This allows the browser to display the representation withoutrequiring the installation of any software or codecs.

A human input device (HID) event associated with the representation isreceived at step 340. In one embodiment, the HID event includes a mousemovement. In another embodiment, the HID event includes a keystroke. Inanother embodiment, the HID event includes a gesture. In anotherembodiment, the HID event includes a voice command.

The representation, at step 350, is interactively updated. This allowsthe representation to be updated in response to the HID event. Thissimulates interaction with the actual image or application. In oneembodiment, the representation of the image is divided into tiles. Inone embodiment, the representation of the image is divided into a gridcomprising tiles and a display bar. The display bar may include icons, acontrol bar or panel, or a menu, and the like and allows a user tomanipulate the representation as if the user were actually running theapplication on the user's device. However, in embodiments, the displaybar does not need to be updated as often as the grid.

In one embodiment, a tile of the representation is determined to beassociated with the HID event. In one embodiment, the tile is updated inaccordance with the HID event. For example, a user may want to zoom inor out on a particular tile or move or otherwise manipulate the tile(i.e., select a button, execute some functionality within anapplication, and the like). As discussed above, this allows the user tosimulate interaction with the application on his or her device withoutactually having the application running on his or her device.

In one embodiment, the tile is updated to a predetermined quality. Thisallows the tile the user is interacting with to be updated first. In oneembodiment, the user is detected as being idle. In other words, no HIDevents are currently being received. In one embodiment, any tiles thathave not already been updated or are not lossless are updated. Thisallows the most efficient use of resources as tiles that are not beinginteracted with are only updated when the user is idle. In this regard,a tile are only updated when a HID event is received that is associatedwith that tile or when the user is idle.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a flow diagram illustrating a method 400 fordelivering an application to a browser in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention is shown. At step 410, communication isestablished between a browser and a server. The server may be associatedwith an application, an image, a video, and the like. In one embodiment,browser capabilities are detected for the browser. In one embodiment,detecting browser capabilities comprises attempting to establish aWebsocket connection. In one embodiment, a Flashsocket connection isattempted if Websocket instantiation fails and the browser has anavailable Flash plug-in. In one embodiment, a Comet connection isestablished if Flashsocket instantiation fails.

Encoded tiles representing an application are streamed, at step 420,from the server to the browser. The tiles are rendered without requiringinstallation of any additional software or codecs at step 430. Theencoded tiles allow a user, via the browser, to view a representation ofthe application, video, or image, as if the application, video, or imagewere running locally on the user's device. In one embodiment, theencoded tiles are interactively updated based on detecting userinteraction. This allows the user to interact with the representation ofthe application, video, or image as if the user were interacting withthe application, video, or image itself.

The present invention has been described in relation to particularembodiments, which are intended in all respects to be illustrativerather than restrictive. Alternative embodiments will become apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art to which the present inventionpertains without departing from its scope.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one welladapted to attain all the ends and objects set forth above, togetherwith other advantages which are obvious and inherent to the system andmethod. It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinationsare of utility and may be employed without reference to other featuresand sub-combinations. This is contemplated and within the scope of theclaims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. One or more non-transitory computer storagemedia (the “media”) storing computer-useable instructions that, whenexecuted by one or more computing devices, cause the one or morecomputing devices to perform a method for interactively updating arepresentation of an image, the method comprising: attempting, by aserver via a first communication protocol, a first connection with abrowser; when the first connection via the first communication protocolis successful, establishing a bi-directional communication between thebrowser and the server via the first communication protocol; when thefirst connection via the first communication protocol is unsuccessful,establishing the bi-directional communication between the browser andthe server via a second communication protocol; streaming arepresentation of an application to the browser, the representationcomprising a plurality of encoded tiles, wherein the representation isstreamed in a format corresponding to the established bi-directionalcommunication, and that allows the representation to be rendered withoutrequiring installation of any additional software or codecs; receiving,via the browser, a human input device (HID) event associated with therepresentation; and interactively updating at least one encoded tile ofthe plurality of encoded tiles of the representation.
 2. The media ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of encoded tiles are encoded according tothe communication protocol associated with the establishedbi-directional communication.
 3. The media of claim 2, wherein the atleast one encoded tile is associated with the HID event.
 4. The media ofclaim 3, wherein the at least one encoded tile is updated to apredetermined quality.
 5. The media of claim 1, wherein the HID eventincludes a mouse movement, keystroke, or gesture.
 6. The media of claim1, further comprising detecting a user is idle.
 7. The media of claim 6,further comprising updating any tiles that have not already been updatedor are not lossless.
 8. The media of claim 1, further comprisingdetecting a bandwidth.
 9. The media of claim 8, further comprisingdetecting a device type.
 10. The media of claim 9, further comprisingrequesting a lossless Portable Network Graphics (PNG) image when highestquality has been reached if the bandwidth is high enough and the devicetype supports it.
 11. The media of claim 1, wherein the representationof the image is a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image.
 12. Themedia of claim 11, further comprising interactively updating the encodedtiles based on a detected user interaction.
 13. One or morenon-transitory computer storage media (the “media”) storingcomputer-useable instructions that, when executed by one or morecomputing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform amethod for delivering an application to a browser, the methodcomprising: attempting, by a server via a first communication protocol,a first connection with a browser; when the first connection via thefirst communication protocol is successful, establishing abi-directional communication between the browser and the server via thefirst communication protocol; when the first connection via the firstcommunication protocol is unsuccessful, establishing the bi-directionalcommunication between the browser and the server via a secondcommunication protocol; streaming encoded tiles representing anapplication from the server to the browser in a format corresponding tothe established bi-directional communication; and rendering the encodedtiles without requiring installation of any additional software orcodecs.
 14. The media of claim 13, wherein the tiles are encodedaccording to the communication protocol associated with the establishedbi-directional communication.
 15. The media of claim 13, wherein thefirst connection comprises a Websocket connection.
 16. The media ofclaim 15, wherein the second connection comprises a Flashsocketconnection if.
 17. The media of claim 16, wherein the second connectioncomprises a Comet connection.
 18. A computer system for delivering aninteractively updated application to a browser without requiring endusers to install software locally, the computer system comprising: oneor more processors; and one or more computer storage media storingcomputer-useable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, implement a method comprising: detecting browsercapabilities of a browser, the browser capabilities comprising asupported communication protocol; establishing bi-directionalcommunication between the browser and a server based on the supportedcommunication protocol; streaming a graphic representation of anapplication to the browser, wherein the stream component is configuredto stream the graphic representation in a format corresponding to thesupported communication protocol, and that allows the graphicrepresentation to be rendered without requiring installation of anyadditional software or codecs; dividing the graphic representation intotiles; receiving a human input device (HID) event associated with atile; and interactively updating the tile.
 19. The system of claim 18,wherein the method implemented by the one or more processors furthercomprises determining the tile that is associated with the HID event.20. The system of claim 18, wherein the method implemented by the one ormore processors further comprises updating the tiles to a predeterminedquality when an idle state is detected.